Being motivated means taking action to do something. Motivation is recognized as a key factor in psychological treatments. Clinical impressions and research in various clinical fields recognize the importance of a person's readiness to seek and respond to therapeutic interventions. Motivation is assumed to influence treatment effectiveness and behavior change. Lack of motivation is one of the most frequently cited reasons for patient discontinuation from treatment, non-compliance with treatment, relapse, and other adverse treatment outcomes.

The importance of patients' motivation for the selection of a particular therapeutic intervention is recognized and is reflected in the extensive literature on increasing treatment motivation. Conclusions about the nature of motivation and its role in seeking and participating in treatment and sustained behavioral change can be inconsistent at times. The reasons for this stem from defining and measuring motivation. He defines motivation as the possibility of certain behaviors.It is the probability that a person enters, continues and adheres to a particular change strategy. Some authors highlight the risk of circularity in terms of motivation. Bandura points out that intention cannot be deduced from action. Otherwise, it provides a circular explanation in which the same event is taken as evidence of both cause and effect. Rather, intention needs to be defined independently of the behavior it regulates. Gossop (1972) argues that the definition of motivation is too global and would not theoretically have empirical value. The past two decades have witnessed the proliferation of studies and approaches on motivation in the field of substance abuse. Conceptual models are limited to two specific forms of motivation, intrinsic and extrinsic. With the definitions of De Leon et al. (2001), intrinsic motivation is the pressure of change that arises from within the individual.Extrinsic motivation, on the other hand, is the perception of external pressures or coercion, or the perception of entering and staying in treatment.

Research focuses on progressively conceptualizing motivation and developing measures that can potentially better measure a person's level, motivation, readiness for change and treatment.

Motivational interviewing provides the basis for the growth of an equal reconceptualization of motivation for treatment. Motivational interviewing is a brief intervention designed to increase intrinsic motivation for behavior change through exploration and reduction of patient ambivalence.

Most patients show a level of motivation to change due to internal or external pressures or a mixture of these.A full view of treatment motivation as phases by the Center for Therapeutic Society Research and the Behavioral Research Institute at Texas Christian University recognizes the distinction between motivation for change/treatment and readiness for change/treatment. Both formulations consider individuals' cognitive readiness for treatment and recovery, and attempt to explain treatment-seeking behavior and treatment for problems.

Addressing motivational issues early in treatment has the potential to maximize the likelihood of initiating and maintaining participation. In De Leon's (1996) model, motivation is explained by readiness, external conditions, and conformity. Motivation reflects an individual's awareness of the need for change and internal causes of change. A person's current conditions, including external pressures, can influence their decision to enter or exit treatment.The treatment needs and motivation model shows that motivation exists along a continuum, from problem recognition to help seeking to treatment readiness. Problem recognition is characterized by the individual's realization that substance use causes personal and life problems. The request for help represents the cognitive state that needs help and is expressed in solving the problem. As a result, preparation for treatment ends with the individual being cognitively prepared to see and accept treatment as the best way to heal, and as a stepping stone to actual interaction with a treatment program.

REFERENCES

Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitive theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice–Hall.

De Leon, G. (1996). Integrative recovery: A stage paradigm. Substance Abuse 17:51–63.

 De Leon, G., Melnick, G., Tims, F. M. (2001). The role of motivation and readiness in treatment and recovery. In: Tims CGLFM, Platt JJ, editors. Relapse and recovery in addictions. London: Yale University Press. pp 143–171.

Prochaska, J. O., DiClemente, C. C. (1983). Stages and processes of self-change of smoking: Toward an integrative model of change. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 51:390–395.

Ryan, R. M. (1995). Psychological needs and the facilitation of integrative processes. Journal of Personality, 63, 397–427.

Miller, W. R., Rollnick, S. (1991). Motivational interviewing: Preparing people to change addictive behaviour. New York: Guilford Press.

Clinical Psychologist Hatice Büşra KARA

busra.kara@icloud.com